黄土高原半城镇化农民非农生计稳定性及收入差异分析

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2016.03.012

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摘要半城镇化农民是城镇化的主要对象,其非农生计的稳定性对城镇化的顺利实现具有决定性作用。半城镇化农民的受雇单位性质和从事的具体职业对其非农生计稳定性具有重要影响。在对已有研究的总结和实地调研的基础上,将半城镇化农民的非农生计按照受雇单位性质和具体职业进行分类。根据专家打分问卷和典型人群调查结果,建立了不同受雇单位性质下的具体职业稳定性等级体系,并对榆阳区、原州区和宝塔区的半城镇化农民非农生计稳定性状况进行了实证评价。结果表明,黄土高原半城镇化农民的非农生计稳定性等级普遍很低,低等级类比重都在60%以上。城镇化提高了半城镇化农民的收入水平,但不同稳定性非农生计之间的收入情况差异很大。建立城乡居民同工同酬制度和提高福利保障是推进半城镇化农民城镇化的重要举措。

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关键词 ：半城镇化农民, 非农生计, 稳定性, 城镇化, 黄土高原

Abstract：Based on the existing research and field surveys on the Loess Plateau, this study classifies the nonagricultural livelihoods according to employment type and concrete occupation. Through expert scoring questionnaire and typical households investigation, this study analyzes the sustainability of different employment types and concrete occupations and builds a non-agricultural livelihood stability hierarchical system. Using the livelihood questionnaire survey data of semi-urbanized farmers, this paper employs an empirical evaluation of the non-agricultural livelihood stability of semi-urbanized farmers in Yu-Yang, Bao-Ta and Yuan-Zhou District. The results show that the urbanization willingness of the semi-urbanized farmers depends mainly on the non-agricultural livelihood stability. Casual labor is the main employment type of semi-urbanized farmers' non-agricultural livelihood, which takes the percentage of 72%. The stability level of non-agricultural livelihood is generally low and the sharing of the class Level Low exceeds 60%. The per-capita income of semi-urbanized farmers is lower than the per-capita disposable income of urban residents, but obviously higher than the per-capita income of local farmers. There is a sharp difference of income level in nonagricultural livelihoods with different stability. The poor education background and technological skills are the main causes of the low stability of non-agricultural livelihoods of the semi-urbanized farmers. The comprehensive background, especially the education level of semi-urbanized farmers, plays an important role in the stability of non-agricultural livelihoods.

Key words： semi-urbanized farmers non-agricultural livelihood stability urbanization the Loess Plateau

收稿日期: 2015-03-17

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目(41171449,41301121)

通讯作者: 徐勇(1964-),男,陕西榆林人,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为区域可持续发展。E-mail:xuy@igsnrr.ac.cn。 E-mail: xuy@igsnrr.ac.cn

作者简介: 孙晓一(1986-),男,山东烟台人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为区域经济、农业与乡村发展。E-mail:sunxy.10s@igsnrr.ac.cn。

引用本文:

孙晓一, 徐勇, 汤青. 黄土高原半城镇化农民非农生计稳定性及收入差异分析[J]. 人文地理, 2016, 31(3): 81-87. SUN Xiao-yi, XU Yong, TANG Qing. ANALYSIS OF NON-AGRICULTURAL LIVELIHOOD STABILITY AND INCOME DIFFERENCE OF SEMI-URBANIZED FARMERS ON THE LOESS PLATEAU. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 31(3): 81-87.

链接本文:

http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2016.03.012 或 http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2016/V31/I3/81